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Heuristic

ヒューリスティック Behavioral Finance ✓ Verified Citations Academic Origin
<Definition> A heuristic is a cognitive mode of judgment that addresses a complex decision-making task under uncertainty by substituting it with a simpler judgmental operation. Tversky & Kahneman (1974) argue that when people assess probabilities or predict values under uncertainty, they rely on heuristics that reduce complex processes to simpler ones. In this way, the cognitive mode that reduces a complex task to a simpler judgmental operation is what constitutes a heuristic.[1][2][3]
日本語
＜定義＞ ヒューリスティックとは、不確実な状況における複雑な判断課題を、より単純な判断操作に置き換えることによって行うための認知的な様式である。Tversky & Kahneman (1974)は、人が不確実性の下で確率を評価したり数値を予測したりする際、複雑な処理をより単純な処理へ置き換えるヒューリスティックに依拠すると論じている。このように、複雑な課題をより単純な判断操作へと縮減する認知的な様式が、ヒューリスティックである。[1][2][3]

<Mechanism>

Three representative heuristics Probability assessment and numerical prediction under uncertainty, addressed through representativeness, availability, and anchoring and adjustment, all sharing the common structure of substituting complex processing with simpler processing ② Mechanism｜Three Representative Heuristics Probability assessment and numerical prediction under uncertainty ↓ Substituting complex processing with simpler processing Representativeness An event or sample ↓ Similarity to essential features of the population + salient generating process ↓ Subjective probability Availability Frequency of a class / probability of an event ↓ Ease with which relevant instances come to mind ↓ Evaluation by that ease Anchoring & Adjustment Numerical prediction ↓ A relevant value is available ↓ Adjustment from the anchor Common structure Complex processing → substituted with simpler processing

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